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Delaware State
Science Standards
Standard One: Nature
and Application of Science and Technology
The practice of science
and the development of technology are critical pursuits of our society.
These pursuits have involved diverse people throughout history and have
led to continuous improvement in the quality of life and in our understanding
of nature. Students will study the processes of scientific inquiry and
technology development and the history and context within which these have
been carried out.
SCIENCE AS INQUIRY
-
1.11 The identification
and formulation of appropriate questions guide the design and breadth of
a scientific investigation. Based on the type of question(s) proposed,
investigations explore new phenomena, solve science and technology related
problems, compare different theories, resolve conflicts concerning societal
issues, determine reasons for discrepancies in previous experimental results,
or test the practicality of a consumer product.
-
1.12 Scientific investigations
in many cases follow no fixed set of steps. However, there are certain
features of a valid scientific investigation that are essential and result
in evidence that can be used to construct explanations.
-
1.14 The close examination
of evidence is necessary to construct logical scientific explanations and
present arguments which defend proposed explanations. Such critical analyses
of supporting evidence are not only important to scientific investigations
but help in judging the validity of claims made in advertisements or concluded
from investigative reports.
-
1.15 Publication and presentation
of scientific work with supporting evidence is part of the critique, review,
and validation process conducted by the scientific community. The presentation
of such work in accessible journals and reviews adds to the body of scientific
knowledge and serves as background for subsequent investigations in similar
areas.
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,
AND SOCIETY
-
1.21 The practice of science
and technology is not a linear process. In many cases, the desire of scientists
to find what is real in nature creates opportunities for technology development.
At the same time, technology provides scientists with tools and techniques
that allow expansion of their capabilities and effectiveness.
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
OF SCIENCE
-
1.31 Science is an international
activity in which significant inventions and innovations have come from
around the world. Even though scientists live and work in different cultures
and come from different backgrounds, many of their activities are part
of international collaborative efforts, and the knowledge created is shared
in order to maximize the benefits to society.
-
1.32 Science is divided
into many disciplines such as astrophysics, biochemistry, and geophysics.
Each discipline is a field of endeavor in itself and requires specialized
training. Many of the tools, techniques, methods, and much of the knowledge
created in one discipline are shared across disciplines in order to maximize
the impact of the work.
-
Scientific theories are based
on the body of knowledge that exists at any particular time. The driving
force to explain nature motivates scientists to test the validity of these
theories, and as a result, the mysteries of nature are continuously probed
and explained as new theories are created. (Not annotated in Desk
Reference source)
Standard Two: Materials
and Their Properties
Materials exist throughout
our physical world. Students will develop a basic understanding of the
structure and properties of materials. They will also experience and learn
the processes by which materials are changed and how the uses of materials
are related to their properties.
PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE
OF MATTER
-
2.12 Elements are pure
substances that are composed of identical atoms. Chemists and physicists
have identified the elements, isolated them from their natural sources,
synthesized them from other elements, and determined their properties.
The periodic table arranges the elements in order of their atomic numbers
(the number of protons in the nucleus). The elements are grouped according
to similar chemical and physical properties (metals, non-metals, noble
gases). The periodic table is used to predict the behavior of the elements
and relates variations in their properties to the electron configuration
of their atoms.
Standard Five:
Earth's Dynamic Systems
Earth’s features provide
a record of how Earth has changed over time. This dynamic history can be
documented and explained by a variety of physical, chemical, biological,
and geological processes. Students will study and learn to identify components
of the various Earth systems and understand the changes and patterns that
result from interactions within and between these systems.
COMPONENTS OF EARTH
-
5.12 A mixture of gases,
water vapor, and solid particles comprise the Earth’s atmosphere. Variations
in atmospheric composition caused by either natural or human activities
influence life on Earth.
Delaware State
Science Performance Indicators
9.20 Explore the
extent to which a variety of solid materials conduct electricity in order
to rank the materials from good conductors to bad conductors. Based
on the conductivity data, determine patterns of location on the periodic
table for the good conductors versus the poor conductors (Standard 2.12)
9.21 Explore the
extent to which a variety of liquids (solutions) conduct electricity in
order to rank the liquids from good conductors to poor conductors.
Based on the conductivity data, determine patterns of location on the periodic
table for the elements in the good conducting solutions versus the poor
conducting solutions. (Standards 2.12, 2.33)
9.22 Investigate
differences between the properties of metallic and nonmetallic elements
and predict whether an element is a metal, nonmetal or semi-metal (metalloid
or semi-conductor) due to its position on the periodic table. (Standard
2.12)
9.23 Use the periodic
table to indicate the physical state of an element under normal conditions
of temperature and atmospheric pressure. (Standard 2.12)
9.24 Identify a
few of the most common elements in the earth's crust, oceans, and atmosphere
and confirm their location on the periodic table. (Example: Si, O,
C, N, H, Al). (Standards 2.12, 5.11, 5.12) (1)
For additional information: Delaware
Science Standards
